5. Kiwis

Total Number of Species in Family: 5

Common Name                           Scientific Name
Southern Brown Kiwi                 Apteryx australis
Okarito Brown Kiwi                    Apteryx rowi
North Island Brown Kiwi           Apteryx mantelli
Little Spotted Kiwi                     Apteryx owenii
Great Spotted Kiwi                    Apteryx haastii

a.Southern Brown Kiwi Apteryx australis:

Described by: Shaw (1813)
Alternate common name(s): Brown Kiwi, Common Kiwi, Stewart Island Brown Kiwi, Tokoeka

Range
S. New Zealand;
Three populations;
(1) Sw. South Island in Southland and in Fiordland from Milford Sound s. to s. of Preservation Inlet, coastal islands (Resolution Is., Cooper Is., Long Is., Parrot Is., and Secretary Is.), and inland as far as Lake Te Anau. An isolated population apparently exists further n. between Haast and Arawata River.
(2) Stewart Is. s. of Paterson Inlet.


B. Okarito Brown Kiwi Apteryx rowi:
Described by: Worthy; Gill (2003)

Range
New Zealand;
W. South Island in coastal c. Westland near Okarito.

C. North Island Brown Kiwi Apteryx mantelli:
Described by: Barlett, A. D. (1852)

Range
New Zealand;
Fragmented distribution;
N. of about latitude 40°S on North Island in Northland s. of Tauroa Point and Doubtless Bay to Ruawai and Bream Bay (Waitangi State Forest and Waipoua State Forest), and South Auckland (Tangiteroria Kiwi Reserve). Occurs with lower density in other parts of North Island: Central and South Auckland (s. of Papakura, n. of the Coromandel Peninsula, e. of Thames), South Auckland and n. Taranaki (Kawhia Harbor to Lake Taupo), Taranaki and n. Wellington (North Taranaki Bight s. to Petea and e. to Tongariro National Park), Bay of Plenty to East Coast (between Putaruru and Tauranga and between Whakatane n. of Moutohora through Urewera National Park to s. Lake Waikamoana) and ex. nw. Hawkes Bay (s. and w. of Tarawera).
Introduced successfully to Little Barrier, Kawau, Pounui and Kapiti Is.

D. Little Spotted Kiwi Apteryx owenii:
Described by: Gould (1847)
Alternate common name(s): North Island Little Spotted Kiwi, Little Gray Kiwi, Little Grey Kiwi

Range
New Zealand;
Restricted range;
Two populations;
The main remaining population has been introduced and is well established on Kapiti Island. Other smaller populations have been introduced on Hen Is. and Red Mercury Is. off n. North Island, and Long Is. off sw. South Island (Fiordland). A few birds may remain along the w. coast of South Island on D'Urville Is.
(1) Formerly occurred in se. North Island on Mt. Hector (900m) at the source of the Hutt River in the Tararua Range where a single specimen was collected in 1875.
(2) Main population formerly occurred on the D'Urville Is.; Scattered, but unconfirmed recent reports from the D'Urville Is. and n. South Island (one apparently confirmed in 1992). Also formerly occurred along the w. slopes of the Southern Alps on South Island from ne. Marlborough s. to s. Fiordland including Adel Tasman National Park and Fiordland near Chalky Inlet, Shark Cove, Dusky Sound and Large Burn.

E. Great Spotted Kiwi Apteryx haastii:
Described by: Potts (1872)
Alternate common name(s): Great Gray Kiwi, Great Grey Kiwi
Old scientific name(s): Apteryx haasti

Range
New Zealand;
One main population and two or three smaller isolated populations;
Nw. South Island, mainly on the w. slopes of the Southern Alps, but on both sides of the divide at Arthur's Pass and Lewis Pass. The main population is in nw. Nelson (Gouland Downs area s. to the Buller River. Two or three isolated populations: one in Paparoa Ras in the Paparoa Ranges, Westland. The second in Westland s. of Whanganui Inlet se. to sw. Takaka and s. to the Buller River, and a third between Lake Summer and the Hurunui River s. to Arthur's Pass. S. limit of its range is unknown, but possibly to Okarito, the Karangarua River and even Fiordland? Unconfirmed reports from the Matiri and Victoria Ranges. Formerly in Canterbury Plains from Tasman Bay to the Foveaux Strait.
Introduced on Little Barrier Island off North Island in 1915, but probably no longer extant.

4. Emu Dromaius novaehollandiae

Described by: Latham (1790)
Alternate common name(s): None known by website authors
Old scientific name(s): None known by website authors

Range
Australia; Tasmania (formerly);
Two populations;
(1) Sw. Australia.
(2) C. and s. Queensland, New South Wales (Broken Hill), Victoria (Wyperfield National Park, Grampians National Park, Puckapunyal) and e. South Australia. Introduced to Maria Is. (1969) and Kangaroo Is. (1957).
(3) Formerly in Tasmania.

3.Cassowaries:

Total Number of Species in Family: 3


3 Species for which Mangoverde has photos:

Common Name                            Scientific Name
a. Southern Cassowary           Casuarius casuarius
b. Dwarf Cassowary                Casuarius bennetti
c. Northern Cassowary           Casuarius unappendiculatus


a. Southern Cassowary
Southern Cassowary Casuarius casuarius
Described by: Linnaeus (1758)
Alternate common name(s): Double-wattled Cassowary, Two-wattled Cassowary, Australian Cassowary

Range
Moluccas; S. and e. New Guinea; Ne. Australia;
Three main populations and fragmented island populations over 397,000 km2;
(1) Moluccas (Seram Is. where probably introduced from Aru Is.?).
(2) Ne. Australia where there are two or possibly three isolated populations: n. population on the e. Cape York Peninsula, Queensland from Coen n. to Shelburne Bay then inland to the Upper Wenlock River, Iron Range, Batavia, Pascoe River, Claudie, Lockhart, Hayes, Nesbitt, Rocky and Masset Reservations. This population may be divided at Cape Grenville. S. population from Cooktown s. to Cairns, Mission Beach, Townsville (Cardwell) and inland to Einasleigh, Mt. Garnet, upper Gilbert River, Burdekin River and the Herberton Range. Also occurs or formerly occurred on Hinchinbrook Is.
(3) Aru Is.
(4) Islands near Trangan Is.
(5) Trangan Is.
(6) Wokan Is.
(7) Coastal s. New Guinea as high as 800m near Lake Kutubu, Southern Highlands Province and 1100m in Karimui basin, Chimbu Province.
(8) Sw. New Guinea.
(9) Islands in Geelvink Bay.
(10) Islands in Geelvink Bay.
(11) Islands in Geelvink Bay.
(12) Coastal n. New Guinea w. to the Nankina River in Madang Province near border with Morobe Province.

b. Dwarf Cassowary Casuarius bennetti

Described by: Gould (1857)
Alternate common name(s): Little Cassowary, Bennett's Cassowary, Mountain Cassowary, Westerman's Cassowary, Milne Edward's Cassowary

Range
Moluccas; New Guinea n. of main mountain range; Bismarck Archipelago
Three main populations with scattered, fragmented distribution;
(1) New Britain (introduced?).
(2) Nw. New Guinea (w. side of Geelvink Bay, West Irian).
(3) Yapen Is. (May have been introduced, but probably occurs naturally).
(4) Nc. New Guinea (Nassau Mountains).
(5) Ne. New Guinea (Huon Peninsula).
(6) Se. New Guinea (Discovery Bay).
(7) Se. New Guinea (Aroa River).
(8) New Guinea (Kratke Mountains and most of Wahgi Valley);


c. Northern Cassowary Casuarius unappendiculatus
Described by: Blyth (1860)
Alternate common name(s): Single-wattled Cassowary, One-wattled Cassowary
Old scientific name(s): None known by website authors

Range
W. to nc. or ne. New Guinea;
(1) W. Papuan Is. (Salawati, Batanta, Misool Is.).
(2) W. New Guinea (w. Vogelkop, Irian Jaya or Papua).
(3) N. New Guinea (Sepik River where young birds are often kept as pets in captivity).
(4) Yapen Is.
(5) N. New Guinea.
(6) Ne. New Guinea e. to the Ramu River and Astrolabe Bay, Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.
(7) Bismarck Archipelago (New Britain)?

2. Rheas:--

a.Greater Rhea Rhea americana

Described by: Linnaeus (1758)
Alternate common name(s): Common Rhea

Range
Ec. and se. South America.

(1) Ne. to se. Brazil (w. Bahia (grasslands of the San Francisco Valley and Curaca), s. Para (savannas of Mundurucu), Maranhao, Piaui, formerly Ceara , formerly Rio Grande do Norte s. to Sao Paulo, Goias and s. Mato Grosso at Vacaria).

(2) Ex. se. Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul (Barra do Quarai) to ca 45km w. of Vacaria) and Uruguay (Banados del Este), but absent from forested areas and even areas from which forests have been cleared.

(3) E. Paraguay (e. of the Rio Paraguay, Capitan Bado, Horqueta, Rosario).

(4) Sw. Brazil (s. Mato Grosso (Pantanal, Chapada dos Guimaraes)), w. Paraguay (Chaco) to n. and e. Bolivia (Beni, Santa Cruz, Tarija).

(5) Ne. and e. Argentina s. to the Rio Negro and w. to Cordoba and Santiago del Estero. Birds in the Mato Grosso and e. Bolivia may be this race rather than (4).

b. Lesser Rhea Rhea pennata:

Described by: d'Orbigny (1834)
Alternate common name(s): Darwin's Rhea, Puna Rhea
Old scientific name(s): Pterocnemia pennata

Range
Cw. South America; Se. South America;
Two populations:
(1) E. slope of the Andes in ex. se. Peru (Moquegua and w. Puno), sw. Bolivia (La Paz, Potosi, Oruro), s. to nw. Argentina (Jujuy, Catamarca, San Juan in the Reserva San Guillermo and Laguna Blanca).
(2) Andes in ex. sw. Peru to n. Chile (Arica, Antofagasta, Tarapaca to Atacama at Alto Huasco).
(3) C. Chile (s. Aisen, Torres del Paine National Park, Punta Arenas (Seno Otway)), wc. and s. Argentina from s. Mendoza, Neuquen, Rio Negro s. to Patagonia and the Straits of Magellan. Introduced to n. Tierra del Fuego (n. Isla Grande) in 1936 and apparently well established.

1.Ostrich :: Ostrich

Ostrich Struthio camelus:==



Described by: Linnaeus (1758)
Alternate common name(s): Common Ostrich, Somali Ostrich, African Ostrich, North African Ostrich, Massai Ostrich, Southern Ostrich, Arabian Ostrich, South African Ostrich

   

Range
Middle East (formerly); Nw. Africa to e. Africa; Nw. s. Africa;
Three populations;
  (1) Formerly in the deserts of Syria, Jordan, Iraq, Kuwait, Bahrain and the Empty Quarter of Saudi Arabia.
  (2) Formerly in Sahel zone from the w. Sahara (s. Morocco, s. Mauritania, n. Senegal) s. of the Sahara in c. Mali, Niger, n. Nigeria, Cameroon, c. Chad, n. Central African Republic, Sudan, ne. and sw. Ethiopia (Awash Valley and Omo River), ex. n. Uganda and ex. n. Kenya.
  (3) Ne. Ethiopia and Somalia w. to near the Awash Valley and Omo River then s. in ex. se. Sudan and ex. ne. Kenya w. of the Tana River to Tsavo East National Park.
  (4) E. Kenya s. of Tsavo East National Park w. to s. Samburu District and s. to n. Tanzania (Katavi Grasslands, Ngorongoro Conservation Area).
  (5) S. of the Cunene and Zambezi Rivers from s. Angola, Namibia (Erongo Mountains, Etosha National Park), ex. sw. Zambia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, sw. Mozambique, n. and ne. South Africa (Cape Province). Either (5) or (1)x(5) hybrids introduced to South Australia (Emeroo Station 16km ne. of Port Augusta). Birds of unknown race are being reintroduced at Shaumari Wildlife Reserve, Jordan. Released in Negev Desert, s. Israel in 1973. Ostrich farms exist in South Africa, s. Australia (n. of Port Augusta) and Florida.